Uganda Cancer Institute Study Reveals Regional Disparities in Cancer Incidence

A comprehensive study by the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) has mapped the cancer landscape across Uganda’s 10 sub-regions, revealing distinct patterns and varying risk factors. The research indicates that while the general types of cancer are consistent nationwide, specific regions exhibit unique spikes in certain cancers, necessitating localized public health interventions.

Key findings show that infection-associated cancers are prevalent in females, while lifestyle-related cancers are more common in males. Across most sub-regions, oesophageal, liver, and Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) are significant concerns for both sexes, though males are disproportionately affected. Notably, mountainous regions like Rwenzori, Kigezi, and Bugisu report higher incidences of skin cancer in women and stomach cancer in both genders.

Specific regional variations include a high rate of oesophageal cancer in West Nile, attributed to tobacco use, and liver cancer in Karamoja, linked to Hepatitis B prevalence. In Western Uganda, particularly Ankole and Kigezi, stomach cancer is on the rise, with potential links to diet, including the use of unpurified rock salt.

Ovarian cancer has emerged as a growing concern among women nationwide, ranking among the top five cancers in several regions. The study also points to cervical and breast cancer as dominant among women, while prostate cancer is a major issue for men. The UCI is leveraging this data to develop targeted community engagement and intervention programs to address these regional disparities effectively.

This research, published in the journal ecancer, provides crucial insights for shaping Uganda’s National Cancer Control Plan and improving cancer care delivery nationwide. The overall cancer burden in Uganda has doubled since 2015, with an estimated 36,000 new cases annually.