Uganda Sees 10% Rise in Cancer Cases; Women Most Affected

The Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) has reported a concerning 10% surge in cancer cases within the past year, with women disproportionately affected. Data indicates that out of 8,764 cases recorded between 2024 and 2025, females accounted for 55% while males made up 45%.

Dr. Nixon Niyonzima, head of research and training at UCI, noted that the institute is observing a growing influx of patients. He highlighted that while common cancers like cervical, breast, and prostate cancer remain prevalent, there has been a significant increase in oesophageal and colorectal cancers, particularly among men. Paediatric cases are also on the rise, with bone tumours and lymphomas in children seeing substantial increases of 46% and 42% respectively.

The majority of patients seeking treatment at UCI are from the central region, which is attributed to its proximity to the national treatment center in Kampala. However, regional cancer centers in Mbarara and Gulu are also reporting increased patient numbers. The Gulu center, operational since 2024, saw a 71% rise in new patients, while Mbarara experienced a 15% increase.

Experts emphasize that many common cancers in Uganda are infection-related, including cervical cancer (linked to HPV) and liver cancer (linked to Hepatitis B), both preventable through vaccination. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, poor diet, obesity, and smoking also contribute significantly to the cancer burden.

UCI Board Chairperson, Professor Damalie Nakanjako, suggested that the increase might also be partly due to improved public awareness and accessibility of screening services. She stressed the importance of regional centers in managing the growing demand and highlighted ongoing efforts to train staff and develop capacity for these facilities. However, she also pointed out infrastructure limitations at UCI, including the absence of a PET scan center and bone marrow transplant facilities, despite offering these services.

Appeals have been made to the Ministry of Health to upgrade UCI’s infrastructure and patient accommodation facilities, which are currently struggling to cope with the high patient load. The Ministry has expressed its commitment to investing more resources in UCI, aiming to establish it as a leading cancer care center in Africa and implementing reforms to improve service delivery, human resources, and financing. These efforts are part of a broader strategy to enhance medical tourism and research within the country.